Ancient Multiplication Methods

This activity is designed to for  students taking a Survey of Mathematics course research some of the ancient methods of multiplying two numbers. There are many different algorithms for multiplication. In this activity, the Russian Peasant Multiplication, multiplying using the lattice method (or Napier Rods), and the Egyptian Multiplication will be explored. This activity is suitable for anyone wishing to learn how the people in the past perform multiplication. 

 
Introduction:

Did you know that the ancient people have different methods of multiplying two numbers? This activity will have you explore some websites and explore the ancient methods of multiplication. 


 
The Task:

You will use the Internet to research and learn three of the different multiplication algorithms. You will also be asked to search for a short biography of Napier 


 
Resources:

 IMPORTANT: AFTER VISITING A SITE, TO RETURN TO THIS PAGE, CLICK THE BACK BUTTON ON THE UPPER LEFT CORNER OF THAT SITE.

Babylonian and Egyptian Mathematics - discusses the Babylonian and Egyptian Mathematics. Look for  multiplication.

 Napier Rods  - shows how Napier Rods are used in multiplication. 

 Russian Peasant Multiplication - explains the Russian Peasant Multiplication

Ask Dr. Math - Russian Peasant Multiplication - Dr. Math's explanation of Russian Peasant Multiplication method

 Ask Dr. Math - Napier Bones - Dr. Math's explanation of multiplication using the Napier Bones (rods)

 Hutchinson's Encyclopedia - Napier Bones 

Ancient Egyptian Math - a web site written by faculty from Washington State University

Ask Dr. Math - Egyptian Multiplication - Dr. Math's explanation of Egyptian Mutliplication
 


 
Process:
1. Search the Internet for any information about John Napier, list some of his accomplishments. Also, give 
    a brief biography of John Napier.

2. Go to the links provided in the resources and multiply 45 by 68 using each of the three methods - 
    Egyptian , Russian Peasant and Napier Bones (also called lattice method). Show all the steps.

3. Search the Web to see if you can come find any other methods of multiplication methods other than the 
   three methods mentioned here. For example, How do the Mayans perform multiplication?


 
Guiding Remarks:

You may find that the multiplication methods in the past can be more tedious than what we do now. However, notice the ingenuity that was exhibited. Distinguish the difference between the Egyptian and Russian methods. Take careful notes while you are browsing the sites.


 
Conclusion:

After you have completed this web quest, you should have an understanding of how people in the ancient civilization perform multiplication. If you are ambitious, you may want to explore how they perform division or even how they represent fractions.


 
 

                     created by Elizabeth Chu                       Back to Web quest                                               Back to Homepage
                      updated August 9, 1999